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Gendered impacts of conservation agriculture and paradox of herbicide use among smallholder farmers

Nyanga, Progress H.; Johnsen, Fred Håkon; Kalinda, Thomson H.
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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http://hdl.handle.net/11250/134534
Utgivelsesdato
2012
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  • Artikkel - fagfellevurdert vitenskapelig / Articles - peer-reviewed [1561]
Originalversjon
Nyanga, P.H., Johnsen, F.H. & Kalinda, T.H. (2012). Gendered impacts of conservation agriculture and paradox of herbicide use among smallholder farmers. International Journal of Technology and Development Studies, 3(1), 1-24  
Sammendrag
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is increasingly taking a central stage in agricultural

policies and rural development among developing countries like Zambia. The challenge of

gender gaps in agriculture has persisted despite efforts of gender mainstreaming. This paper

assesses gender based impacts of conservation agriculture (CA) basins among smallholder

farmers under the Conservation Agriculture Programme (CAP) in Zambia. Qualitative and

quantitative approaches were used to collect data. Quantitative data was analysed mainly

by descriptive statistics and qualitative data by thematic and content analysis. Results

indicated that women and children experienced reduction in labour with respect to clearing

of fields before tillage and during weeding where herbicides were used correctly.

Improvement in household food security was also reported. Digging of CA basins was labour

intensive and the chaka hoe was heavy for women. Labour requirement for women and

children was more than for men during hand weeding. Herbicides have increased labour

requirements for men because they are predominantly involved in spraying. Women needed

to reduce their labour during weeding but feared that the use of herbicides would increase

food insecurity during hunger peak period. This was because the use of herbicides is

inconsistent with the practice of mixed cropping and selection of valuable wild vegetables

that were important for food security. Results suggest that usage of herbicide such as

atrazine could have health concerns that may affect women more than men. Use of

herbicides raises questions as to what extent CA is environmentally sustainable.

Interventions in CA need to be both gender sensitive and minimise tradeoffs between health

concerns, socio-economic benefits and environmental sustainability.
Utgiver
Wageningen University
Tidsskrift
International Journal of Technology and Development Studies

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