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Extreme anoxia tolerance in crucian carp and goldfish through neofunctionalization of duplicated genes creating a new ethanol- producing pyruvate decarboxylase pathway

Fagernes, Cathrine Elisabeth; Stensløkken, Kåre-Olav; Kjendseth, Åsmund Røhr; Berenbrink, Michael; Ellefsen, Stian; Nilsson, Göran Erik
Journal article, Peer reviewed
Published version
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2476215
Date
2017
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  • Artikkel - fagfellevurdert vitenskapelig / Articles - peer-reviewed [1179]
  • Publikasjoner fra Cristin - INN [616]
Original version
10.1038/s41598-017-07385-4
Abstract
Without oxygen, most vertebrates die within minutes as they cannot meet cellular energy demands

with anaerobic metabolism. However, fish of the genus Carassius (crucian carp and goldfish) have

evolved a specialized metabolic system that allows them to survive prolonged periods without oxygen

by producing ethanol as their metabolic end-product. Here we show that this has been made possible by

the evolution of a pyruvate decarboxylase, analogous to that in brewer’s yeast and the first described

in vertebrates, in addition to a specialized alcohol dehydrogenase. Whole-genome duplication events

have provided additional gene copies of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex that have

evolved into a pyruvate decarboxylase, while other copies retained the essential function of the parent

enzymes. We reveal the key molecular substitution in duplicated pyruvate dehydrogenase genes that

underpins one of the most extreme hypoxic survival strategies among vertebrates and that is highly

deleterious in humans.
Journal
Scientific Reports

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