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Resting Heart Rate Variability Predicts Safety Learning and Fear Extinction in an Interoceptive Fear Conditioning Paradigm

Pappens, Meike; Schroijen, Mathias; Sütterlin, Stefan; Smets, Elyn; Van den Bergh, Omer; Thayer, Julian F.; Van Diest, Ilse
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/275537
Date
2014
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  • Artikkel - fagfellevurdert vitenskapelig / Articles - peer-reviewed [1252]
Original version
10.1371/journal.pone.0105054
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether interindividual differences in autonomic inhibitory control predict safety learning

and fear extinction in an interoceptive fear conditioning paradigm. Data from a previously reported study (N = 40) were

extended (N = 17) and re-analyzed to test whether healthy participants’ resting heart rate variability (HRV) - a proxy of

cardiac vagal tone - predicts learning performance. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a slight sensation of breathlessness

induced by a flow resistor, the unconditioned stimulus (US) was an aversive short-lasting suffocation experience induced by

a complete occlusion of the breathing circuitry. During acquisition, the paired group received 6 paired CS-US presentations;

the control group received 6 explicitly unpaired CS-US presentations. In the extinction phase, both groups were exposed to

6 CS-only presentations. Measures included startle blink EMG, skin conductance responses (SCR) and US-expectancy ratings.

Resting HRV significantly predicted the startle blink EMG learning curves both during acquisition and extinction. In the

unpaired group, higher levels of HRV at rest predicted safety learning to the CS during acquisition. In the paired group,

higher levels of HRV were associated with better extinction. Our findings suggest that the strength or integrity of prefrontal

inhibitory mechanisms involved in safety- and extinction learning can be indexed by HRV at rest.
Journal
PLoS ONE

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