Show simple item record

dc.contributor.authorEriksen, Ane
dc.contributor.authorVersluijs, Erik
dc.contributor.authorFuchs, Boris
dc.contributor.authorZimmermann, Barbara
dc.contributor.authorWabakken, Petter
dc.contributor.authorOrdiz, Andres
dc.contributor.authorSunde, Peter
dc.contributor.authorWikenros, Camilla
dc.contributor.authorSand, Håkan
dc.contributor.authorGillich, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorMichler, Frank
dc.contributor.authorNordli, Kristoffer
dc.contributor.authorSanchez, David Carricondo
dc.contributor.authorGorini, Lucrezia
dc.contributor.authorRieger, Siegfried
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-24T13:43:39Z
dc.date.available2023-02-24T13:43:39Z
dc.date.created2022-06-19T11:00:28Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2022, 10 .en_US
dc.identifier.issn2296-701X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3053962
dc.description"Copyright © 2022 Eriksen, Versluijs, Fuchs, Zimmermann, Wabakken, Ordiz, Sunde, Wikenros, Sand, Gillich, Michler, Nordli, Carricondo-Sanchez, Gorini and Rieger. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms"en_US
dc.description.abstractAs wolves recolonize areas of Europe ranging from moderate to high anthropogenic impact, fear of wolves is a recurring source of conflict. Shared tools for evaluating wolf responses to humans, and comparing such responses across their range, can be valuable. Experiments in which humans approach wild wolves can increase our understanding of how wolves respond to humans, facilitating human-wolf coexistence. We have developed the first standardized protocol for evaluating wolf responses to approaching humans using high-resolution GPS data, and tested it on wild wolves. We present a field protocol for experimentally approaching GPS-collared wolves, a descriptive comparison of two statistical methods for detecting a measurable flight response, a tutorial for identifying wolf flight initiation and resettling positions, and an evaluation of the method when reducing GPS positioning frequency. The field protocol, a data collection form, and the tutorial with R code for extracting flight parameters are provided. This protocol will facilitate studies of wolf responses to approaching humans, applicable at a local, national, and international level. Data compiled in a standardized way from multiple study areas can be used to quantify the variation in wolf responses to humans within and between populations, and in relation to predictors such as social status, landscape factors, or human population density, and to establish a baseline distribution of wolf response patterns given a number of known predictors. The variation in wolf responses can be used to assess the degree to which results can be generalized to areas where GPS studies are not feasible, e.g., for predicting the range of likely wolf behaviors, assessing the likelihood of wolf-human encounters, and complementing existing tools for evaluating reports of bold wolves. Showing how wolves respond to human encounters should help demystify the behavior of wild wolves toward humans in their shared habitat.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectcarnivoresen_US
dc.subjectCanis lupusen_US
dc.subjectchangepoint analysisen_US
dc.subjectfield experimentsen_US
dc.subjectflight initiation distance (FID)en_US
dc.subjectwildlife-human interactionen_US
dc.subjectupper control limit (UCL)en_US
dc.subjectrovdyren_US
dc.titleA Standardized Method for Experimental Human Approach Trials on Wild Wolvesen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488en_US
dc.source.pagenumber17en_US
dc.source.volume10en_US
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Ecology and Evolutionen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fevo.2022.793307
dc.identifier.cristin2033149
dc.source.articlenumber793307en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


Files in this item

Thumbnail

This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Show simple item record

Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal