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dc.contributor.authorHampton, Jordan O.
dc.contributor.authorPain, Deborah J.
dc.contributor.authorBuenz, Eric
dc.contributor.authorFirestone, Simon M.
dc.contributor.authorArnemo, Jon Martin
dc.coverage.spatialAustraliaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-03T12:45:54Z
dc.date.available2023-10-03T12:45:54Z
dc.date.created2023-03-22T13:59:10Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.identifier.citationEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research International. 2023, .en_US
dc.identifier.issn0944-1344
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3093813
dc.description.abstractLead-based ammunition (gunshot and bullets) frequently leaves small lead fragments embedded in the meat of wild-shot game animals. Australia produces several commercial game meat products from wild animals harvested with lead-based ammunition and has a growing population of recreational hunters. However, no studies have previously investigated the frequency of lead fragments or lead concentrations in Australian game meat. We examined 133 Australian minced game meat items of four types for evidence of lead contamination. Samples were meat from kangaroos (Macropus and Osphranter spp.; n=36) and Bennett’s wallabies (Notamacropus rufogriseus; n=28) sold for human consumption, and deer (‘venison’; multiple spp.; n=32) and stubble quail (Coturnix pectoralis; n=37) harvested for private consumption by recreational hunters. All packages were studied by digital radiography to detect the presence of radio-dense fragments, assumed to be lead fragments from ammunition. Visible fragments were absent in commercially available kangaroo products, but were present in 4%, 28% and 35% of wallaby, venison and quail, respectively. Mean meat lead concentrations (mg/kg wet weight) were 0.01 ± 0.01 for kangaroo, 0.02 ± 0.01 for wallaby, 0.12 ± 0.07 for venison, and 1.76 ± 3.76 for quail. The Australian food standards threshold for livestock meat (0.1 mg/kg w.w.) was not exceeded by any kangaroo or wallaby products but was exceeded by 53% and 86% of venison and quail, respectively. Radiography only detected 35% of samples that were above the food safety threshold. While average lead concentrations in commercially available macropod (kangaroo and wallaby) meat were low, those in recreationally harvested game meat may pose health risks for hunters and associated consumers.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectammunitionen_US
dc.subjectAustraliaen_US
dc.subjectdietary exposureen_US
dc.subjectfood safetyen_US
dc.subjectgame meaten_US
dc.subjectheavy metalsen_US
dc.subjectleaden_US
dc.subjectpublic healthen_US
dc.subjectwildlifeen_US
dc.titleLead contamination in Australian game meaten_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© The Author(s) 2023en_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900en_US
dc.source.pagenumber10en_US
dc.source.journalEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research Internationalen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11356-023-25949-y
dc.identifier.cristin2136166
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal